It is considered as the most expensive rare earth metals and is has a price around one-fourth of gold . Element Lutetium - Lu Comprehensive data on the chemical element Lutetium is provided on this page; including scores of properties, element names in many languages, most known nuclides of Lutetium. This is not work for the lone experimenter working in a shed somewhere. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right. In such cases we would ask you to sign a Visual Elements licence agreement, tailored to the specific use you propose. [37][38], Aside from stable lutetium, its radioactive isotopes have several specific uses. Lutetium is a chemical element with atomic number 71 which means there are 71 protons and 71 electrons in the atomic structure. The … The latter one, lutetium-176, decays via beta decay with a half-life of 3.78×1010 years; it makes up about 2.5% of natural lutetium. Lutetium tantalate (LuTaO4) is the densest known stable white material (density 9.81 g/cm3)[44] and therefore is an ideal host for X-ray phosphors. This table gives information about some radiosotopes of lutetium, their masses, their half-lives, their modes of decay, their nuclear spins, and their nuclear magnetic moments. The percentage of a commodity which is recycled. The later discrediting of Urbain's work on element 72 led to a reappraisal of Welsbach's work on element 71, so that the element was renamed to cassiopeium in German-speaking countries for some time. It is a silvery-white and relatively stable in air, rare earth metal. The sum of the oxidation states within a compound or ion must equal the overall charge. This research was, well, challenging. Atomic Mass. In no event shall the RSC be liable for any damages including, without limitation, indirect or consequential damages, or any damages whatsoever arising from use or loss of use, data or profits, whether in action of contract, negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection with the use of the material available from this Site. [28], Found with almost all other rare-earth metals but never by itself, lutetium is very difficult to separate from other elements. These values were determined using several different methods. loo-TEE-she-um. A percentile rank for the political stability of the top producing country, derived from World Bank governance indicators. This is summarised in what is called the Oddo-Harkins rule, which sounds like something out of a Tolkien novel. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. For more information on the Visual Elements image see the Uses and properties section below. Pornographic, defamatory, libellous, scandalous, fraudulent, immoral, infringing or otherwise unlawful use of the Images is, of course, prohibited. Several rare earth metals, including lutetium, are separated as a double salt with ammonium nitrate by crystallization. The story began with the discovery of yttrium in 1794 from which several other elements – the rare earths (aka lanthanoids) – were to be separated, starting with erbium in 1843 and ending with lutetium in 1907. Lutetium is quite rare and its extraction is also very challenging. Data for this section been provided by the British Geological Survey. Text © The Royal Society of Chemistry 1999-2011 Nor shall the RSC be in any event liable for any damage to your computer equipment or software which may occur on account of your access to or use of the Site, or your downloading of materials, data, text, software, or images from the Site, whether caused by a virus, bug or otherwise. Lutetium metal is then obtained by reduction of anhydrous LuCl3 or LuF3 by either an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. Another problem was that no one knew how many there were meant to be, as there were no theories of electronic structure or atomic number at the time. Relative atomic mass Isotopes The number of atoms of the element per 1 million atoms of the Earth’s crust. However, stable lutetium can be used as catalysts in petroleum cracking in refineries and can also be used in alkylation, hydrogenation, and polymerization applications. A sample of pure lutetium metal itself was not made until 1953. Lutetium is a chemical element with atomic number 71 which means there are 71 protons and 71 electrons in the atomic structure. And each new atom really is a whole new chemical world to explore. Other chemists, namely Karl Auer in Germany and Charles James in the USA, were about to make the same discovery. The percentage of the world reserves located in the country with the largest reserves. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. They range in mass from 150 to 184; the least stable isotope (lutetium-150) has a half-life of 45 milliseconds, and the most stable isotope is lutetium-176. Properties of Lutetium. These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp (s), principal (p), diffuse (d), and fundamental (f). Lutetium is the last of its family and the smallest. In my case, that would be iron, as I spent three years of a PhD working on iron compounds. You may not further copy, alter, distribute or otherwise use any of the materials from this Site without the advance, written consent of the RSC. It has low toxicity. Values are given for typical oxidation number and coordination. The problem is that you only make a few atoms at a time and these products tend to be spectacularly unstable so you sometimes have only a few milliseconds in which to work out what you've got. There is more than a hundred times more cerium, the most abundant lanthanide, in the earth than there is lutetium, the least abundant. If you wish to use the Images in a manner not permitted by these terms and conditions please contact the Publishing Services Department by email. [28] Lutetium salts are known to occur together with other lanthanide salts in nature; the element is the least abundant in the human body of all lanthanides. Please enable JavaScript to access the full features of the site. Like other rare-earth metals, lutetium is regarded as having a low degree of toxicity, but its compounds should be handled with care nonetheless: for example, lutetium fluoride inhalation is dangerous and the compound irritates skin. Lutetium 177 is a radiopharmaceutical precursor with specific characteristics. [32], Lutetium aluminium garnet (Al5Lu3O12) has been proposed for use as a lens material in high refractive index immersion lithography. Some elements exist in several different structural forms, called allotropes. The RSC has been granted the sole and exclusive right and licence to produce, publish and further license the Images. [17][18] They found it as an impurity in ytterbia, which was thought by Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac to consist entirely of ytterbium. It provides a measure of how difficult it is to extend a material, with a value given by the ratio of tensile strength to tensile strain. Melting point Block This is where the artist explains his interpretation of the element and the science behind the picture. Two reasons. These values were determined using several different methods. [13] Similar observations are made during reaction between lutetium and water (slow when cold and fast when hot); lutetium hydroxide is formed in the reaction. Lutetium … Lutetium-176 is a relatively abundant (2.5%) radioactive isotope with a half-life of about 38 billion years, used to determine the age of minerals and meteorites. It's complex. Covalent radiusHalf of the distance between two atoms within a single covalent bond. Group Element Lutetium (Lu), Group 19, Atomic Number 71, f-block, Mass 174.967. Electron affinityThe energy released when an electron is added to the neutral atom and a negative ion is formed. A measure of how difficult it is to deform a material. Lutetium is the heaviest, rarest, and most expensive lanthanide element. In chemistry, the formula weight is a quantity computed by multiplying the atomic weight (in atomic mass units) of each element in a chemical formula by the number … No lutetium-dominant minerals are currently known. The higher the value, the larger risk there is to supply. Lutetium metal is slightly unstable in air at standard conditions, but it burns readily at 150 °C to form lutetium oxide. The temperature at which the liquid–gas phase change occurs. . Until then, all the structures of these compounds that had been isolated contained organic rings bound side-on, or as organometallic chemists say, polyhapto-. The higher the value, the larger risk there is to supply. Click here to view videos about Lutetium, It’s Elemental - The Periodic Table of Elements, Georges Urbain in Paris, France and independently by Charles James in New Hampshire, USA. So why was lutetium the last lanthanide to be discovered? Number of protons in Lutetium is 71. Ultrapure piece of lutetium, 3 grams. Classified as a lanthanide, Lutetium is a solid at room temperature. He chose the name lutecium for the new element, but in 1949 the spelling was changed to lutetium. Lutetium is a chemical element with the symbol Lu and atomic number 71. Density is the mass of a substance that would fill 1 cm3 at room temperature. Exact Mass: 176.94376 g/mol: Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass: 176.94376 g/mol: Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar … The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid phase. Its principal commercial source is as a by-product from the processing of the rare earth phosphate mineral monazite (Ce,La,...)PO4, which has concentrations of only 0.0001% of the element,[13] not much higher than the abundance of lutetium in the Earth crust of about 0.5 mg/kg. ››More information on molar mass and molecular weight. This is calculated by combining the scores for crustal abundance, reserve distribution, production concentration, substitutability, recycling rate and political stability scores. Lu. Atomic Number of Lutetium is 71. [28], Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (, International Commission on Atomic Weights, "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)", "Mendeleev's Periodic Table Is Finally Completed and What To Do about Group 3? [22][23][24][25][26], The International Commission on Atomic Weights, which was then responsible for the attribution of new element names, settled the dispute in 1909 by granting priority to Urbain and adopting his names as official ones, based on the fact that the separation of lutetium from Marignac's ytterbium was first described by Urbain;[19] after Urbain's names were recognized, neoytterbium was reverted to ytterbium. [34] Cerium-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) is currently the preferred compound for detectors in positron emission tomography (PET). It has few specific uses. Secondly elements with even atomic numbers, like ytterbium, are more abundant than elements with odd atomic numbers, such as lutetium. [35][36] Lutetium aluminium garnet (LuAG) is used as a phosphor in LED light bulbs. If you are in any doubt, please ask. An integrated supply risk index from 1 (very low risk) to 10 (very high risk). Elements are organised into blocks by the orbital type in which the outer electrons are found. We hope that you enjoy your visit to this Site. [30][31], Crushed minerals are treated with hot concentrated sulfuric acid to produce water-soluble sulfates of rare earths. The oxalates are converted to oxides by annealing. Number of the procedures is determined by … It is extracted, with difficulty, by reducing the anhydrous fluoride with calcium metal. A higher recycling rate may reduce risk to supply. The compounds did not just catch fire in air, sometimes they caught fire in the inert atmospheres of glove boxes. The pure element is a silvery metal, and is similar to calcium and magnesium in its reactivity. It is defined as being the charge that an atom would have if all bonds were ionic. After completing my PhD, I carried out postdoctoral research trying to make new organometallic compounds of the metallic elements with electrons in their 4f subshells, known as the lanthanides. Lutetium is a large element, with an atomic number of 71 and an atomic mass of 174.976 AMU. It is a silvery white metal, which resists corrosion in dry air, but not in moist air. 71. The temperature at which the solid–liquid phase change occurs. Sources, facts, uses, scarcity (SRI), podcasts, alchemical symbols, videos and images. The role of the element in humans, animals and plants. A vertical column in the periodic table. This discovery was particularly pleasing because it was also the first four coordinate compound of any lanthanide. [40] Indeed, lutetium-177 is seeing increased usage as a radionuclide in neuroendrocine tumor therapy and bone pain palliation. Clinical trials are research studies that involve people. ››More information on molar mass and molecular weight. In size it is much nearer to yttrium and scandium, so some versions of the Periodic Table have lutetium directly under Sc and Y, preceded by the lanthanides from lanthanum to ytterbium. You're listening to Chemistry in its element brought to you by. The RSC maintains this Site for your information, education, communication, and personal entertainment. It is a silvery white metal, which resists corrosion in dry, but not in moist air. [45][46] The only denser white material is thorium dioxide, with density of 10 g/cm3, but the thorium it contains is radioactive. Lutetium is not an abundant element. Commercial use of the Images will be charged at a rate based on the particular use, prices on application. The description of the element in its natural form. Electronegativity (Pauling scale)The tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself, expressed on a relative scale. Mind you, what put it into perspective was that on the other side of the bench from me, an extremely talented and productive Indian chemist named Joginder Singh Ghotra made the first three coordinate compounds for yttrium and all the 14 stable lanthanides, not just lutetium. [41][42] Research indicates that lutetium-ion atomic clocks could provide greater accuracy than any existing atomic clock.[43]. The tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself, expressed on a relative scale. Atomic weight of Lutetium is 174.9668 u or g/mol. High = substitution not possible or very difficult. Lutetium (Lu) Atomic Data for Lutetium (Lu) Atomic Number = 71 Atomic Weight = 174.967 Reference E95 : Isotope : Mass : Abundance : Spin : Mag Moment : 175 Lu: 174.940770: 97.41%: 7/2 +2.2327: 176 Lu: 175.942679: 2.59%: 7 +3.19: Lu … The arrangements of electrons above the last (closed shell) noble gas. A horizontal row in the periodic table. The RSC makes no representations whatsoever about the suitability of the information contained in the documents and related graphics published on this Site for any purpose. Allotropes Lutetium oxide powder is toxic as well if inhaled or ingested. Lutetium dissolves readily in weak acids[13] and dilute sulfuric acid to form solutions containing the colorless lutetium ions, which are coordinated by between seven and nine water molecules, the average being [Lu(H2O)8.2]3+. At room temperature, this silver-white metal is solid and dense. Thorium precipitates out of solution as hydroxide and is removed. ", "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties", "A new method for the separation of the yttrium earths", "Über die Elemente der Yttergruppe, (I. Teil)", "Separation of Rare Earth Elements by Charles James", "Un nouvel élément: le lutécium, résultant du dédoublement de l'ytterbium de Marignac", "Lutetium und Neoytterbium oder Cassiopeium und Aldebaranium -- Erwiderung auf den Artikel des Herrn Auer v. Welsbach", "Die Zerlegung des Ytterbiums in seine Elemente", "Rediscovery of the elements: The Rare Earths–The Beginnings", "Rediscovery of the elements: The Rare Earths–The Confusing Years", "Rediscovery of the elements: The Rare Earths–The Last Member", "Accommodation of the Rare Earths in the Periodic Table: A Historical Analysis", "Evaluation of cerium doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) scintillation crystals for PET", "Blackbody radiation shift assessment for a lutetium ion clock", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lutetium&oldid=1009133119, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox element with unknown parameters, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 26 February 2021, at 22:13. A percentile rank for the political stability of the country with the largest reserves, derived from World Bank governance indicators. As the atomic number of an element increases, its abundance decreases. Quantity of the Lutetium-177 solution. [16] Isotopes lighter than the stable lutetium-175 decay via electron capture (to produce isotopes of ytterbium), with some alpha and positron emission; the heavier isotopes decay primarily via beta decay, producing hafnium isotopes. Download our free Periodic Table app for mobile phones and tablets. It is considered the first element of the 6th-period … The dispute on the priority of the discovery occurred shortly after, with Urbain and Welsbach accusing each other of publishing results influenced by the published research of the other; the naming honor went to Urbain, as he had published his results earlier. The chemical symbol for Lutetium is Lu. This Site has been carefully prepared for your visit, and we ask you to honour and agree to the following terms and conditions when using this Site. All such documents and related graphics are provided "as is" without any representation or endorsement made and warranty of any kind, whether expressed or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, compatibility, security and accuracy. Lutetium-175 is considered to be more stable. Or it could be the last of the lanthanides - lutetium. The mass of an atom relative to that of carbon-12. The soluble salts, such as nitrate, sulfate and acetate form hydrates upon crystallization. The mass number represents the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of the element. Original size in cm: 1 x 1 Lutetium is the … [28] Human diets have not been monitored for lutetium content, so it is not known how much the average human takes in, but estimations show the amount is only about several micrograms per year, all coming from tiny amounts taken by plants. Lutetium was discovered by Georges Urbain (FR) and independently by Carl Freiherr Auer von Welsbach (AT) in 1907. Each allotrope has different physical properties. [13], Similarly to the other rare-earth metals, lutetium has no known biological role, but it is found even in humans, concentrating in bones, and to a lesser extent in the liver and kidneys. Lutetium … Atomic radius, non-bonded [12], Because of production difficulty and high price, lutetium has very few commercial uses, especially since it is rarer than most of the other lanthanides but is chemically not very different. This makes lutetium and its compounds rather expensive. Lutetium is separated by ion exchange. It took me two years but eventually I managed to make compounds of lutetium, and also ytterbium. For example, C… [7], A lutetium atom has 71 electrons, arranged in the configuration [Xe] 4f145d16s2. It is not found free in nature and is present along with several rare minerals. Lutetium has the highest Brinell hardness of any lanthanide, at 890–1300 MPa. Lutetium usually occurs in association with the element yttrium[6] and is sometimes used in metal alloys and as a catalyst in various chemical reactions. The oxides are dissolved in nitric acid that excludes one of the main components, cerium, whose oxide is insoluble in HNO3. The origin of the name comes from the Greek word Lutetia meaning Paris. [14] Lutetium metal is known to react with the four lightest halogens to form trihalides; all of them (except the fluoride) are soluble in water. Can it be any wonder that it attracts fortune seekers? These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp (s), principal (p), diffuse (d), and fundamental (f). Lutetium was the last natural rare earth element to be discovered. 71 Lu (Lutetium) Appearance: Hard, Silvery white Mass number: 175 Atomic weight: 174.9668 g/mol Atomic number: 71 Electrons: 71 Protons: 71 Neutrons: 104 Density (g cm−3) Lutetium has no known biological role. The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid phase. Where more than one isotope exists, the value given is the abundance weighted average. The oxidation state of an atom is a measure of the degree of oxidation of an atom. 71 Lu Lutetium Lanthanoid, mass: 174.97 u, 1 stable isotope (175), abundance rank (earth/space): 66/80 Click image to magnify. Lutetium 177 is a … You do not have JavaScript enabled. The suitable half-life and decay mode made lutetium-176 used as a pure beta emitter, using lutetium which has been exposed to neutron activation, and in lutetium–hafnium dating to date meteorites. Until the 1950s, some German-speaking chemists called lutetium by Welsbach's name, cassiopeium; in 1949, the spelling of element 71 was changed to lutetium. All the lanthanides took a long while to be discovered. Lutetium is a chemical element with symbol Lu and atomic number 71. A measure of how difficult it is to compress a substance. We welcome your feedback. 150 Lu 151 Lu 152 Lu 153 Lu 154 Lu 155 Lu 156 Lu 157 Lu 158 Lu 159 Lu 160 Lu 161 Lu 162 Lu 163 Lu 164 Lu 165 Lu 166 Lu 167 Lu 168 Lu 169 Lu 170 Lu 171 Lu 172 Lu 173 Lu 174 Lu 175 Lu 176 Lu 177 Lu 178 Lu 179 Lu 180 Lu 181 Lu 182 Lu 183 Lu 184 Lu : ... Mass … The synthetic rare earth promethium was produced later in the laboratory from uranium fission products.Lutetium was independently discovered by Carl Auer von Welsbach, Charles James, and Georges Urbain.The discovery echoed other rare earth discoveries in which a new element was discovered in minerals that had already been analyzed. Indeed James, who was at the University of New Hampshire, was ahead of Urbain and had extracted quite a lot of the new metal, but he delayed publishing his research. The image is based on the civic coat of arms for the city of Paris (Latin name ‘Lutetia’), which gives the element its name. The availability of suitable substitutes for a given commodity. Some elements exist in several different structural forms, called allotropes. The chemical symbol for Lutetium is Lu.. Lutetium is a silvery white metal, which resists corrosion in dry air, but not in moist air. [16], Lutetium, derived from the Latin Lutetia (Paris), was independently discovered in 1907 by French scientist Georges Urbain, Austrian mineralogist Baron Carl Auer von Welsbach, and American chemist Charles James. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. High = substitution not possible or very difficult. Uncombined elements have an oxidation state of 0. Electron configuration Lutetium is a chemical element with symbol Lu and atomic number 71. But there are other more specialist uses, such as using the radioactive Lutetium-177 isotope in cancer therapy. CAS number Get a Britannica Premium subscription and … The number of protons in an atom. It is commonly found as constituent of yttrium minerals. Soluble lutetium salts are mildly toxic, but insoluble ones are not. Half of the distance between two atoms within a single covalent bond. [5] All of these researchers found lutetium as an impurity in the mineral ytterbia, which was previously thought to consist entirely of ytterbium. [29] The main mining areas are China, United States, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka and Australia. Naturally occurring lutetium (71 Lu) is composed of one stable isotope 175 Lu (97.41% … Chemical symbol for Lutetium is Lu. Copyright of and ownership in the Images reside with Murray Robertson. Melting point of Lutetium is 1656 °C and its the … Density is the mass of a substance that would fill 1 cm. Where the element is most commonly found in nature, and how it is sourced commercially. When entering a chemical reaction, the atom loses its two outermost electrons and the single 5d-electron. Half of the distance between two unbonded atoms of the same element when the electrostatic forces are balanced. In addition to the natural isotopes, as many as 32 synthetic isotopes … Family Lanthanide (Rare Earth Metal) Pronunciation. [13] Lutetium nitrate may be dangerous as it may explode and burn once heated. Having said that, it is more abundant in the earth than elements like silver or gold, or the platinum metals. Lutetium is the last element in the lanthanide series, and it is traditionally counted among the rare earths. Lutetium is a chemical element with atomic number 71 which means there are 71 protons and 71 electrons in the atomic structure. These are experiments of extraordinary subtlety and complexity. Atomic Mass of Lutetium … The reason for this was that Welsbach's 1907 samples of lutetium had been pure, while Urbain's 1907 samples only contained traces of lutetium. So I've got good memories of lutetium, but what does lutetium matter to other chemists? All trials on the list are supported by NCI.. NCI’s basic information about clinical trials … [11] Aqueous solutions of most lutetium salts are colorless and form white crystalline solids upon drying, with the common exception of the iodide. The honour of discovering lutetium went to Georges Urbain at the Sorbonne in Paris, because he was the first to report it. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right. The clinical trials on this list are studying Lutetium Lu 177 Dotatate. [16], The element also has 42 nuclear isomers, with masses of 150, 151, 153–162, 166–180 (not every mass number corresponds to only one isomer). Lutetium is pronounced as loo-TEE-shee-em. The energy released when an electron is added to the neutral atom and a negative ion is formed. Lutetium is a silvery white … Atomic number My colleague, Alan Welch, did an X-ray diffraction study using crystals of the lutetium compound, and found that the rings were bound in a way that had not been seen in lanthanides before, end-on or monohapto-. It is defined as the equilibrium pressure exerted by the gas produced above a substance in a closed system. [21] Both of these articles accused the other man of publishing results based on those of the author. It is given by the ratio of the pressure on a body to the fractional decrease in volume. Half of the distance between two unbonded atoms of the same element when the electrostatic forces are balanced. But it could also be cobalt, because cobalt is used to make the blue colour in many of my favourite stained glass windows in churches and cathedrals. [27] Charles James, who stayed out of the priority argument, worked on a much larger scale and possessed the largest supply of lutetium at the time. [28] Pure lutetium metal is very difficult to prepare. The minimum energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in its ground state. Elements are organised into blocks by the orbital type in which the outer electrons are found. Lutetium is little used outside research. So keep your eyes peeled for lutetium popping up in medicine and our industries in the future. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. 177Lu-DOTA-TATE is used for radionuclide therapy (see Nuclear medicine) on neuroendocrine tumours. A measure of the propensity of a substance to evaporate. Now, next week, we're making new elements. It is given by the ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain. The ground state electronic configuration of neutral lutetium is [Xe].4f 14.5d 1.6s 2 and the term symbol of lutetium is 2 D 3/2.. Lutetium… The world production of lutetium (in the form of oxide) is about 10 tonnes per year. In chemistry, the formula weight is a quantity computed by multiplying the atomic weight (in atomic mass units) of each element in a chemical formula by the number … Each allotrope has different physical properties. Out of these two, only the former is stable, making the element monoisotopic. [8] When entering a chemical reaction, the atom loses its two outermost electrons and the single 5d-electron. The lutetium atom is the smallest among the lanthanide atoms, due to the lanthanide contraction,[9] and as a result lutetium has the highest density, melting point, and hardness of the lanthanides.
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